Misc: What are phalanges?

Questions

In 1977 Soyuz ---------- is launched.?

In 1587 Mary Queen of ---------- executed. ?

In 1828 Jules ---------- (in France), author who pioneered what later became science fiction, born. ?

In 1883 Louis ---------- begins experiments that invent the fountain pen. ?

In 1906 Chester F.---------- , invented xerography, born. ?